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Glossary

Restaurant Interior DIY & Fit-out Glossary

From materials, construction, equipment, tools, design and site management to cost-cutting — the vocabulary that flies around on restaurant-interior DIY and craftsman-led jobs, each with its meaning and how it’s used. “Finishes yourself; safety and infrastructure to the pros” — a field companion for putting hybrid DIY into practice.

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Materials資材・建具・材料24

Turnkey Restaurant Space居抜き
A space handed over with the previous tenant's equipment, interior and furniture still in place.
Bare Shellスケルトン
A raw space with no walls or utilities — just the bare structure, such as exposed concrete.
Fittings / Joinery建具
A collective term for doors, windows, shoji and fusuma — anything that opens and closes to divide space.
Custom Built-in Furniture造作家具
Custom furniture built to the shop's dimensions and fixed directly to walls or floor.
Substrate / Backing下地材
The base boards (plywood, gypsum board, etc.) fitted before the finish materials such as wallpaper or flooring go on.
Gypsum Board / Drywall石膏ボード
A board widely used as a substrate for walls and ceilings, with excellent fire and sound resistance.
Plywood合板・ベニヤ
Panels made by bonding thin layers of wood together; used heavily for substrate reinforcement and DIY joinery.
Baseboard / Skirting巾木
The horizontal trim fitted where wall meets floor, protecting the wall from feet and vacuum cleaners.
Trim / Transition Strip見切り材
A trim piece fitted to neatly finish the boundary between different flooring or wall materials.
Architectural Vinyl Film化粧塩ビシート
A premium decorative film (e.g. Di-Noc) applied to doors, counters and walls.
Heavy-duty Vinyl Sheet長尺シート
A hard-wearing, waterproof vinyl sheet flooring used in kitchens and high-traffic dining floors.
Luxury Vinyl Tile / LVTフロアタイル
Vinyl floor tiles (LVT) that realistically mimic wood or stone, replaceable one tile at a time.
Cushion Flooring / CFクッションフロア
A cushioned, highly waterproof vinyl flooring, ideal for toilets and back-of-house.
Calcium Silicate Boardケイカル板
Short for calcium silicate board — a fire-resistant board strong against water and fire, used around kitchens.
Non-combustible Panel不燃化粧板
A wall material strong against heat and easy to clean (kitchen panel, etc.); essential around kitchens.
Decorative Moldingサンメント
Wooden molding used to decorate counter edges and walls.
Louver / Air Ventガラリ
An angled-slat louver fitted to a door or wall for ventilation and airflow.
Louver Frameガラリ枠
The frame that holds a louver in place.
Apron Board / Valance幕板
A board fitted at the foot of a counter or desk, or beneath a top, to conceal the structure.
Coping / Handrail Top笠木
The finishing timber or trim fitted along the very top of a dado wall or handrail.
Acrylic Sheetアクリル板
A highly transparent, easy-to-work resin sheet used for splash guards and signage.
Corrugated Polycarbonateポリカ波板
A weather- and impact-resistant corrugated resin sheet used for retro accents and roofing.
Flame-retardant Goods防炎物品
Curtains, noren, carpets and sheets certified under the Fire Service Act as not easily ignited and slow to spread flame; compliant items carry a flame-retardant label.
Polyurethane Varnish / Clearウレタンニス・ウレタンクリア
A clear protective coating based on polyurethane resin; its very hard film resists water, heat and chemicals (alcohol wiping), so it is widely used to finish counter tops and tables.

Construction施工・大工作業・仕上げ23

Layout Marking墨出し
The key step of marking the exact positions and lines from the drawings directly onto walls and floors.
Leveling水平出し
Using a level to check and adjust that shelves and counters are not tilted.
Chamfering / Beveling面取り
Shaving the corners of timber or a tabletop to round them — essential for seating safety.
Putty Applicationパテ処理
Filling screw holes and board joints with putty to flatten the surface for painting or wallpaper.
Protective Covering / Masking養生
Protecting surrounding walls, floors and equipment with sheeting so they are not scratched or splashed during work.
Finishing Alignment納まり
How parts meet and how the finish comes together; good alignment means a clean, tidy joint.
Surface Scrapingケレン作業
Surface prep that removes old coating and rust with a scraper or file before painting, improving adhesion.
Caulking / Joint Sealingシーリング・コーキング
Filling gaps around wet areas and walls with sealant or silicone to waterproof and bond them.
Screwing / Fasteningビス留め
Firmly fixing boards and parts using screws (wood or tapping screws).
Acrylic Gap Fillerボンドコーク
A water-based caulk used to fill gaps in wallpaper seams and trim joints.
Backing Reinforcement下地補強
Adding thick plywood in advance where heavy shelves or wall cabinets will be mounted, to reinforce it.
Half-lap Joint相欠き
A woodworking joint where each piece is cut to half its thickness where they overlap, then fitted together.
Dowel Pin Insertionダボ打ち
Drilling holes for, or driving in, the support pins (dowels) that carry adjustable shelves.
Concealed Nailingすかし打ち
A fixing method where nails are driven into the side or a recess of a part so the heads stay hidden.
Butt Joint突き付け
Butting the ends of two materials squarely together as-is, without any angled cut.
Miter Jointトメ・留め
Cutting two parts at 45 degrees and joining them to form a 90-degree corner (as in a picture frame).
Margin / Offsetチリ
The offset in depth at a step or recess; matching it means bringing the surfaces flush.
Clearance / Tolerance逃げ・あいまい寸法
Designing in a few millimetres of leeway to allow for construction tolerance and building distortion.
Wood Veneer突き板
A thin sheet sliced from natural wood; bonded to plywood, it gives the look of solid timber.
Polyurethane Finishウレタン塗装
A durable coating applied to counter tops and the like, forming a film strong against water and dirt.
Oil Finishオイル仕上げ
A method of letting oil soak into the timber to bring out its natural texture and grain.
Water-based Paint水性ペンキ
A low-odour, fast-drying paint — the go-to for DIY wall painting.
Uneven Surface不陸
A floor, wall or substrate surface that is not smooth — uneven, sloped or with height differences; levelling it flat with putty or filler is called unevenness correction.

Plumbing & Electrical設備・配管・電気24

Grease Trapグリストラップ
A mandatory device that separates and traps grease and debris in kitchen drainage so they are not discharged directly.
Plumbing System給排水設備
The full set of pipework that supplies water to the kitchen, toilet and sinks and carries wastewater away.
Restoration to Bare Shellスケルトン戻し
Restoration where the shop is fully demolished on move-out and returned to the bare-shell state it was leased in.
Single-phase 200V単相200V
The stronger form of standard electricity, used for air conditioners and commercial IH cookers.
Three-phase 200V三相200V・動力
An industrial power contract for running commercial refrigerators, dishwashers and large air conditioners.
Duct / Exhaust Ventダクト
The metal air passage that exhausts a kitchen's heat, oily smoke and odours outside.
Kitchen Canopy Hoodフード・排気フード
The metal canopy fitted above kitchen equipment to capture rising oily smoke and steam.
Air Intake / Supply Air吸気・給気
A system that draws fresh outside air into the shop to replace what the ducts exhaust; if inadequate, the doors will not open.
VVF / Flat Sheathed CableVVFケーブル
The vinyl-insulated sheathed cable most used in indoor wiring; a licensed electrician is required to install it.
Cable Raceway / Trunking配線モール
A plastic case that covers exposed wiring on walls and floors, protecting it and keeping it tidy.
Lighting Trackダクトレール・ライティングレール
A bar-shaped track that lets you position spotlights and pendant lights freely along it.
Recessed Downlightダウンライト
A light recessed into the ceiling for a clean, uncluttered look.
Electrical Outlet Boxコンセントボックス
A box set behind the wall to hold an outlet or switch in place.
Sleeve Pipe Passage位置出し・スリーブ
A pre-formed penetration or pipe left in a wall or floor to pass pipework or wiring through.
Drainage Slope / Pitch排水勾配
The slope given to a drain pipe so water flows away without pooling.
Drain Trapトラップ
A device that holds a water seal partway along a pipe to block sewer odours and pests from entering.
Water Heater給湯器
A unit supplying hot water to the kitchen and hand-wash basins; restaurants need a large one (size 20–24 or above).
Distribution Boardブレーカー・分電盤
The board that takes in the incoming electricity and safely distributes it to each circuit.
Primary / Secondary Side一次側・二次側
The primary side runs up to the main power or water stopcock; the secondary side is the wiring from there to each unit.
Earthing / Grounding接地・アース
Safety wiring that channels electricity from kitchen equipment into the ground to prevent shocks and leakage accidents.
Nominal Pipe Size呼び径
The standard nominal designation for pipe diameter (VP13, VP20, VP50, etc.).
PVC Drain / Pressure PipeVU管・VP管
Rigid PVC pipe; VP is thick-walled for water supply and pressurised locations, VU is for unpressurised drainage.
Exit Light / Emergency Light誘導灯
A light kept permanently lit to mark the route to exits and escape floors in an emergency such as fire or power failure.
Heat-producing Appliances火気使用設備
A collective term for gas ranges, fryers, ovens and other kitchen equipment using fire or high heat; interior-finish restrictions apply around them.

Tools & Hardware工具・道具・資材22

Impact Driverインパクトドライバー
An essential power tool that combines rotation and impact to drive long screws quickly and powerfully.
Drill Driverドライバードリル
A tool for drilling holes and gently driving screws while adjusting the torque.
Circular Saw丸ノコ
A power tool that spins a circular blade at high speed to cut timber straight and fast.
Jigsawジグソー
A power tool whose thin blade moves up and down to cut curves and complex shapes in timber.
Orbital Sanderサンダー
A power tool that vibrates an abrasive pad at high speed to sand timber surfaces smooth.
Feeler Gaugeシックネスゲージ・隙間ゲージ
A tool of thin metal leaves inserted to measure tiny gaps between parts.
Spirit Level水平器・レベル
A measuring tool that uses the position of a bubble to check level and plumb accurately.
Laser Levelレーザー墨出し器
A device that projects horizontal and vertical laser lines across the whole space onto walls and floors.
Stud Finder下地探知機
A handy tool that detects the position of studs and substrate behind a wall using a pin or ultrasound.
Joiner Hammer / Malletコンパネハンマー・玄能
A steel or wooden mallet used for woodworking and driving parts home.
Scraper / Putty Knifeスクレーパー・皮スキ
A flat-bladed tool for stripping old coating, applying putty, or scraping film off.
Caulking Gunコーキングガン
A dedicated tool for extruding and applying cartridge-type sealant.
Rebar Tying Toolハッカー
A dedicated tool for quickly tying rebar and wire mesh with tying wire.
C-Clamp / Bar Clampクランプ
A clamping tool that firmly holds pieces of timber together while the adhesive dries.
Tape Measureスケール・コンベックス
A tape measure; for shop measuring, one of 5 m or more with a lock is essential.
Hand Tacker / Staple Gunタッカー
A tool like a large stapler that fastens wallpaper, fabric or sheeting to timber.
Bevel Gauge自由金
A gauge that captures any angle and transfers it accurately onto timber for cutting.
Wood Routerトリマー
A small power tool for chamfering, grooving and decorative edge work on timber.
Sliding Miter Sawスライド丸ノコ
A bench-type circular saw whose blade slides, for accurate cuts on large boards and mitre (angle) cuts.
Oscillating Multi-toolマルチツール
A versatile tool that, by changing the tip, can flush-cut, grind and strip all in one.
Pipe Wrenchパイプレンチ
A dedicated plumbing tool for firmly gripping and turning metal pipe.
Hole Sawホールソー
A cutter fitted to a drill to bore clean round holes in boards and walls for passing wiring.

Space & Design空間・寸法・設計24

Flow Line / Traffic Line動線
The path people take through the shop; split into the customer guest flow and the staff work flow.
Kitchen Workflow Line厨房動線
A layout that lets staff move smoothly between cooking, plating, washing and pantry without crossing paths.
Clear Dimension有効寸法
The actual clear width or height that people and goods can pass through, excluding the thickness of walls and furniture.
Clear Ceiling Height有効天井高
The usable floor-to-ceiling height, excluding obstructions such as beams and ducts.
Floor LevelFL
Floor Level — the reference height of the floor; a datum on drawings, as in FL+500.
Ceiling HeightCH
Ceiling Height — the drawing symbol for the height from floor to finished ceiling.
Wainscoting / Dado Wall腰壁
A wall finished with a different material or boarding on its lower half only (about 1 m from the floor).
Wall Nicheニッチ
A recessed shelf or alcove set into part of a wall; used for display shelves or condiments.
Raised Seating Platform小上がり
A tatami or table-seating area built one step higher than the floor.
Span / Column Distanceスパン
The distance between columns; it affects counter length and seating layout.
Eye Level目線・アイレベル
The height of a customer's line of sight when seated or standing; important for placing signage, lighting and décor.
Zoning / Layout Allocationゾーニング
Dividing the shop into areas by use (seating, kitchen, till, toilet, storage).
Seat Pitch席間・ピッチ
The spacing between neighbouring tables or seats; it governs comfort and ease of movement.
Counter Heightカウンター高
Height set to the concept, such as a high counter (about 1,000 mm) or a low counter (about 700–720 mm).
Seat Turnover Rate客席回転率
A metric for how many customers one seat can serve in a day; the crux of a layout.
Wall-mounted Cabinet吊戸棚
Storage cabinets hung from the wall or ceiling to save space above kitchens and counters.
Dead Space死にスペース
Awkward gaps that are hard to use and easily wasted, such as around a column's projection or a corner.
Entrance Approachアプローチ
The lead-in space from the street or entrance to the seating; it sets the shop's first impression.
Pantry / Service Areaパントリー
An intermediate space between kitchen and seating for storing tableware and making drinks.
Wall Opening / Doorway開口部
A collective term for openings punched through a wall, such as doorways and windows.
Module / Standard Unitモジュール
A base reference dimension (e.g. 910 mm) underpinning building and furniture design.
Grid Line / Alignment Line通り
A reference line running through the centres of columns and walls; aligning it means bringing them into a straight line.
Delivery Route搬入経路
The route for carrying materials and equipment from where the truck parks, through the shop, to the installation point; check not just dimensions but turning room and steps.
Room without Effective Openings無窓居室
A room without enough window opening area for daylight, ventilation and emergency escape; interior-finish and other restrictions are stricter under the Fire Service Act and Building Standards Act.

Site Management現場管理・業務手続き24

On-site Survey現調
Short for on-site survey — measuring and checking the dimensions, structure and state of the utilities directly at the premises in advance.
Client-supplied Materials施主支給
An arrangement where the owner sources used furniture, lighting and the like themselves and has a craftsman install them.
Dismantling / Demolitionバラし
Dismantling and removing existing interior and built-ins; materials to be reused are taken apart carefully.
Competitive Bidding相見積もり
Having several craftsmen or contractors quote on the same terms so you can compare scope and price.
Site Superintendent現場監督
The person responsible for managing safety, quality and schedule overall on the construction site.
Construction Schedule工程表
An overall schedule setting out the order of works and the number of days, in calendar form.
Duty of Care for Safety安全配慮義務
The duty to arrange the environment and protective gear so no accident occurs during DIY or a craftsman's work.
Workers' Accident Insurance労災保険
Insurance against accidents and injury during construction; even independent craftsmen should confirm sole-proprietor workers' cover.
Building Confirmation Application建築確認申請
The procedure of applying to the authority to confirm compliance with the Building Standards Act for major renovations or a change of use.
Public Health Center Inspection保健所検査
An inspection where a health-centre officer checks on site that the 2-compartment sink, hand-wash positions and so on meet the standard for a restaurant operating licence.
Fire Department Inspection消防検査
An inspection confirming that exit lights, fire alarms and the use of non-combustible interior materials meet the Fire Service Act standards.
Restaurant Business License営業許可証
The essential licence to run a restaurant, issued after passing the health-centre inspection.
Fire Prevention Manager防火管理者
The person required at premises holding 30 or more people, responsible for drafting the fire plan and carrying out checks.
Fire Prevention Classification甲種・乙種防火対象物
A fire-safety classification by building size and use; it changes the fire equipment required.
Leftover Property残置物
Equipment and fittings the previous tenant left behind on move-out; ownership must be confirmed.
Restoration Obligation原状回復義務
The tenant's obligation, at the end of the lease, to return the shop to the state it was leased in.
Industrial Waste産廃・産業廃棄物
Waste requiring specialist disposal, such as concrete rubble, wood scrap and metal generated by fit-out work.
Waste Manifestマニフェスト
The control slip that tracks and proves industrial waste was disposed of properly.
Handover引き渡し
Completion of all works, when the craftsman or builder hands the site over to the owner after a final check.
Client Inspection施主検査
The owner's own detailed on-site check for construction errors and defects, just before handover.
Additional Work追加工事
Work added by on-site judgment that was not in the original quote or plan.
Full-time On-site Presence常駐
Remaining on site at all times during construction to work or supervise.
Rent during Construction空家賃
Rent paid from signing the lease to the actual opening, with no sales coming in; construction delays swell it and strain cash flow.
Man-day / Labor Cost人工・人工費
The unit of labour and labour cost for one craftsman working one day; one man-day equals one person for one day of work.

DIY & Cost Cutting飲食店DIY・コスト削減25

Cost Cutting Decision見切る・見切り
A pragmatic call to stay within budget — do not chase perfection here, use what is already there.
Partial Renovationプチ改修・プチリフォーム
Changing the mood partially — repainting the counter, swapping lights — rather than a full renovation.
Turnkey Space Utilization居抜き活用
Making the most of the previous shop's walls, floor and kitchen layout to minimise demolition and construction costs.
Upcyclingアップサイクル
Adding design to old wooden crates or disused fittings to raise their value and reuse them as interior pieces.
Aging Paint / Faux Antiqueエイジング塗装
Using paint and wax to deliberately make new timber or walls look vintage or antique.
Self-buildセルフビルド
A style where the owner takes the lead in building the interior rather than handing it all to a contractor.
Assisted DIY / DIY CoachingDIYサポート
An arrangement where a craftsman coaches or assists only on the steps hard for an amateur (levelling, plumbing, electrical).
Spot Orderingスポット発注
Engaging a craftsman for a part only — just a day to fit shelves, or plumbing only — instead of one lump contract.
Direct Contracting直接発注
Cutting costs by dealing directly with carpenters and craftsmen, without a general contractor's middleman margin.
Second-hand Furniture Sourcing中古家具調達
Slashing startup costs by sourcing used chairs, tables and lighting from specialist shops such as Tenpos.
Demolition Salvage Purchase解体品買取
Taking on or buying usable counters and fittings from closures and demolition sites, recirculating them as your own DIY materials.
OSB Board UtilizationOSB合板活用
A thrifty interior that uses cheap, distinctively grained structural OSB board as-is for walls and furniture.
Scaffold Board Repurposing足場板再利用
Repurposing used scaffold boards — paint-marked and scratched from site — as characterful counter tops and shelving.
Apple Crate Remodelingりんご箱リメイク
A technique of stacking used apple crates (wooden boxes) to make cheap, atmospheric shelving and wine racks.
Subway Tile Stickerサブウェイタイル風シート
Finishing kitchen walls stylishly and cheaply with peel-and-stick 3D sheets, avoiding costly real tiling.
Refresh Paintingリフレッシュ塗装
A low-cost method of painting water-based paint straight over existing dirty wallpaper or ceilings, rather than re-papering.
Exposed Ductworkダクト露出し
Deliberately leaving ducts and structure exposed instead of building a ceiling — saving ceiling costs while giving an industrial look.
One-of-a-kind Antique Fitting1点もの建具
Bringing in an old folk-house sliding door or antique door from a used-materials shop to make it the shop's signature icon.
Plywood Interior Finishコンパネ仕上
A low-cost method of sanding and waxing thick structural plywood and using it as-is to finish walls and counters.
Handmade Signboard自作サイン・DIY看板
Painting or stencilling the shop name onto a wood board to cut the cost of an expensive commercial sign.
Adjustable Shelf Track可動棚レール
Fitting channel supports (slotted uprights) from a DIY store to the wall to build height-adjustable shelving cheaply.
Direct Pickup直引き取り
Saving on delivery by renting a light truck and collecting used materials and furniture from the shop yourself.
Hybrid DIYハイブリッドDIY
Also called half DIY (owner-built). A sensible method where infrastructure and structural work — substrate, plumbing, electrical — goes to pros, and only the finishing is done by the owner.
One-person Operationワンオペ
An operation where one person handles cooking, service, payment and cleaning; it demands an optimised kitchen and floor flow.
Professional Constructionプロ施工
A form where work is fully entrusted to professional craftsmen and contractors; it costs more but secures quality, safety and schedule accuracy.

Not sure how far to take DIY? Ask us.

“How much yourself, where the pros take over” — our on-site team in Kawaguchi helps you draw the hybrid-DIY line.

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